Thousands of families head north each year for skiing, snowboarding or other winter sports at parks and resorts. And each year, some come home hurt. Simple precautions — such as the right equipment, conditioning and training — can head off problems.

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons offers some tips:

Skiing: "Equipment that is either outdated or out of adjustment, according to the skier's ability, size, age and weight, may predispose a child for injury," said Dr. Philip Wilson, an orthopedic surgeon at Children's Medical Center and assistant professor of orthopedics at UT Southwestern Medical Center. Certified ski instructors and ski shop technicians can help you find the right skis, boots, poles and helmets.

"For children who are learning to ski, proper fitting and functional equipment are important," Dr. Wilson said. "Additionally, basic skill lessons on stopping and skiing under control will reduce injury."

Snowboarding: Snowboarders suffer fewer leg injuries than skiers but more arm or wrist injuries. Wrist guards, boots with proper support and helmets that fit well may help reduce injuries.

Sledding: Younger children can suffer head injuries, while older children and adults are more prone to injure arms and legs. Other risks include bruises, scrapes and abdominal injuries. "Children can lose control of their sleds and hit a tree or another object, or even another child," Dr. Wilson said.

Kids should wear helmets, sled in designated areas free of trees and other fixed objects, and avoid sledding on ice. A responsible adult should supervise them. Also, use only sleds that can be steered, and never go down a slope head first.

Skating: Skaters tend to injure their wrists and heads when they fall. They should wear well-fitting supportive skates, wrist guards and helmets. Ice skate only in areas designated for skating, and be sure to check the ice for cracks and debris.

For any winter sport, parents should make sure their children:

• Dress warmly and in layers.
• Use sunscreen and protective eyewear.
• Get into good physical condition by starting an aerobic strength-training and flexibility program six to eight weeks before trying a physically demanding sport.
• Don't participate in outdoor sports when weather conditions pose a serious hazard.

Altitude Adjustment
Children who visit high mountain altitudes should:

• Know the symptoms of altitude sickness, such as an increased heart rate and deeper, faster breathing.
• Drink lots of water.
• Eat more carbohydrates.
• Limit caffeinated beverages and salt.
• Get accustomed to higher altitudes for a few days before the activity.

Resources:
Tips to Prevent Winter Sports Injuries