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Pediatric bronchiectasis (bron·chi·ec·ta·sis) occurs when damaged airways widen and become flabby and scarred.
Bronchiectasis develops over time because of repeated lung infections that damage airways. When this happens, airways become less efficient at moving air in and out. This causes the injured airways, which flatten and become flabby, to not effectively clear out mucus, and the buildup of mucus provides a breeding ground for infections.
Children with bronchiectasis will experience periods of good and bad health. The periods when lung health worsens are called exacerbations. Future lung infections can make the condition worse. It can eventually prevent enough oxygen from reaching vital organs.
There are two types of bronchiectasis — acquired and congenital.
Symptoms of bronchiectasis include:
Bronchiectasis that is present at birth can occur because of the way the baby’s lungs developed in utero. More commonly, it develops over time, when medical conditions injure the walls of the airways.
Conditions that can cause bronchiectasis include:
Bronchiectasis that affects only one part of the lung is usually caused by a blockage rather than a medical condition.